However, blood viscosity, through its effects on wall shear stress, is a key modulator of nitric oxide (NO) production by the endothelial NO-synthase. Poiseuille’s Law predicts that any increase in blood viscosity should cause a rise in vascular resistance. Indeed, any changes in one or several of these parameters may affect blood viscosity differently. Blood flow in the microcirculation is highly dependent on the ability of RBC to deform, but RBC deformability also affects blood flow in the macrocirculation since a loss of deformability causes a rise in blood viscosity. RBC aggregation occurs at low shear rates, and increases blood viscosity and depends on both cellular (RBC aggregability) and plasma factors. The shear thinning property of blood is mainly attributed to red blood cell (RBC) rheological properties. Both hematocrit and plasma viscosity influence blood viscosity. 11Centre de Médecine du Sommeil et des Maladies Respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Lyon, Franceīlood viscosity is an important determinant of local flow characteristics, which exhibits shear thinning behavior: it decreases exponentially with increasing shear rates.10Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moleìculaire, UF de Biochimie des Pathologies Eìrythrocytaires, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.9Laboratoire ACTES EA 3596, The Université des Antilles, Pointe-a-Pitre, France.8d’Hématologie et d’Oncologie Pédiatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.7Laboratoire Carmen INSERM 1060, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.6Unité Transversale de la Drépanocytose, Hôpital de Pointe-a-Pitre, Hôpital Ricou, Pointe-a-Pitre, France.5Département de Médecine, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.4Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, The Université des Antilles, UMR_S1134, BIGR, F- 97157, Pointe-a-Pitre, France.3Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, F-75015, Paris, France.2Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.1Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Team “Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell”, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.Elie Nader 1,2†, Sarah Skinner 1,2†, Marc Romana 2,3,4, Romain Fort 1,2,5, Nathalie Lemonne 6, Nicolas Guillot 7, Alexandra Gauthier 1,2,8, Sophie Antoine-Jonville 9, Céline Renoux 1,2,10, Marie-Dominique Hardy-Dessources 2,3,4, Emeric Stauffer 1,2,11, Philippe Joly 1,2,10, Yves Bertrand 8 and Philippe Connes 1,2*
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